#PYTHON OBJECT AND DATA STRUCTURE BASICS CODE#

You need to remember only what their names are. This frees you from having to remember the order in which the function arguments were specified.

You can specify keyword arguments in any order. The main restriction on function arguments is that the keyword arguments must follow the positional arguments (if any). True if a and b have no elements in common True if the elements of b are all contained in a Set a to contain the elements in either a or b but not both Set a to the elements in a that are not in bĪll of the elements in either a or b but not both Set the contents of a to be the intersection of the elements in a and b Set the contents of a to be the union of the elements in a and b Remove an arbitrary element from set a, raising KeyError if the set is empty Reset set a to an empty state, discarding all of its elements Table 3.1: Python set operations Function The easiest way to create one is with a comma-separated sequence of values wrapped in parentheses: TupleĪ tuple is a fixed-length, immutable sequence of Python objects which, once assigned, cannot be changed. We start with tuple, list, and dictionary, which are some of the most frequently used sequence types. Mastering their use is a critical part of becoming a proficient Python programmer. Python’s data structures are simple but powerful. Finally, we'll look at the mechanics of Python file objects and interacting with your local hard drive. Then, we'll discuss creating your own reusable Python functions. We'll start with Python's workhorse data structures: tuples, lists, dictionaries, and sets. While add-on libraries like pandas and NumPy add advanced computational functionality for larger datasets, they are designed to be used together with Python's built-in data manipulation tools. This chapter discusses capabilities built into the Python language that will be used ubiquitously throughout the book.

#PYTHON OBJECT AND DATA STRUCTURE BASICS CODE#

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Python object and data structure basics